Science


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1 Conceptions of science.
2 Science as a philosophical discipline, certain or perfect knowledge.
3 The intellectual virtue of science, its relation to understanding and wisdom.
4 The division and hierarchy of the philosophical sciences.
5 Science as the discipline of experimental inquiry and the organization of experimental knowledge, the scientific spirit.
6 The utility of science, the applications of experimental knowledge in the mastery of nature, machinery and inventions.
7 The effects of science on human life, the economic and social implications of technology.
8 The issue concerning science and philosophy, the distinction and relation between experimental and philosophical science, or between empirical and rational science, the limitations of empirical science.
9 The relation of science to other kinds of knowledge.
10 The relation between science and religion, the conception of sacred theology as a science.
11 The comparison of science with poetry and history.
12 The relation of science to action and production.
13 The distinction between theoretical and practical science, the character of ethics, politics, economics, and jurisprudence as sciences.
14 The distinction between pure and applied science, the relation of science to the useful arts.
15 The nature of scientific knowledge.
16 The principles of science, facts, definitions, axioms, hypotheses, unifying theories.
17 The objects of science, the essential and necessary, the sensible and measurable, the abstract and universal.
18 The role of cause in science, explanation and description as aims of scientific inquiry.
19 The generality of scientific formulations, universal laws of nature, the principle of relativity.
20 The certitude and probability or the finality and tentativeness of scientific conclusions, the adequacy of scientific theories.
21 Scientific method.
22 The role of experience, observation and experiment.
23 Techniques of exploration and discovery, the ascertainment of fact.
24 The use of mathematics in science, calculation and measurement.
25 Induction and deduction in the philosophy of nature and natural science.
26 The use of hypotheses and constructed models, prediction and verification.
27 The development of the sciences.
28 The technical conditions of scientific progress, the invention of scientific instruments or apparatus.
29 The place of science in society, the social conditions favorable to the advancement of science.
30 The evaluation of science.
31 The praise of science by comparison with opinion, superstition, magic.
32 The satirization of science and scientists, the foibles of science.
33 The use of science for good or evil, the limitations of science.


All text from the Outlines is Copyright ©1990 Encyclopedia Britannica Inc.; this electronic edition is Copyright© 2005 by Michael R. Lissack and reproduced by permission.