Principle


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1 Principles in the order of reality.
2 The differentiation of principle, element, and cause.
3 The being, number, and kinds of principles in the order of reality.
4 The metaphysical significance of the principles of thought.
5 The kinds of principles in the order of knowledge.
6 The origin of knowledge in simple apprehensions.
7 Sensations or ideas as principles.
8 Definitions as principles.
9 Indefinables as principles of definition.
10 Propositions or judgments as principles.
11 Immediate truths of perception, direct sensitive knowledge of appearances, evident particular facts.
12 Immediate truths of understanding, axioms or self-evident truths, a priori judgments as principles.
13 Constitutive and regulative principles, the maxims of reason.
14 First principles or axioms in philosophy, science, dialectic.
15 Principles and demonstration.
16 The indemonstrability of axioms, natural habits of the mind.
17 The indirect defense of axioms.
18 The dependence of demonstration on axioms, the critical application of the principles of identity and contradiction.
19 Principles and induction, axioms as intuitive inductions from experience, stages of inductive generalization.
20 Axioms in relation to postulates, hypotheses, or assumptions.
21 The distinction between first principles in general, or common notions, and the principles of a particular subject matter or science.
22 The difference between axioms and assumptions, hypotheses and principles, as a basis for the distinction between knowledge and opinion, or science and dialectic.
23 The distinction and order of the sciences according to the character of their principles.
24 First principles in the practical order, the principles of action or morality, the principles of the practical reason.
25 Ends as principles, and the last ends as first principles, right appetite as a principle in the practical order.
26 The natural moral law and the categorical imperative.
27 The skeptical denial of first principles or axioms, the denial that any propositions elicit the universal assent of mankind.


All text from the Outlines is Copyright ©1990 Encyclopedia Britannica Inc.; this electronic edition is Copyright© 2005 by Michael R. Lissack and reproduced by permission.