Law


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1 The definition of law.
2 The end of law, peace, order, and the common good.
3 Law in relation to reason or will.
4 The authority and power needed for making law.
5 The promulgation of law, the need and the manner of its declaration.
6 The major kinds of law, comparison of human, natural, and divine law, comparison of natural and positive, innate and acquired, private and public, abstract and civil rights.
7 The divine law.
8 The eternal law in the divine government of the universe, the law in the nature of all creatures.
9 The natural moral law as the eternal law in human nature.
10 The distinction between the eternal law and the positive commandments of God.
11 The divine positive law, the difference between the law revealed in the Old and the New Testament.
12 Law in the Old Testament, the moral, the judicial, and the ceremonial precepts of the Old Law.
13 Law in the New Testament, the law of love and grace, ceremonial precepts of the New Law.
14 The natural law.
15 The law of reason or the moral law, the order and habits of its principles.
16 The law of men living in a state of nature.
17 The a priori principles of innate or abstract right, universal law in the order of freedom, the objectification of the will.
18 The natural law as underlying the precepts of virtue, its relation to the moral precepts of divine law.
19 The relation of natural law to natural rights and natural justice.
20 The relation of natural law to civil or municipal law, the state of nature and the regulations of the civil state.
21 The relation of natural law to the law of nations and to international law, sovereign states and the state of nature.
22 The precepts of the natural law and the condition of the state of nature with respect to slavery and property.
23 The human or positive law, the sanction of coercive force.
24 The difference between laws and decrees.
25 The kinds or divisions of positive law.
26 The justice of positive law, the standards of natural law and constitutionality.
27 The origins of positive law in the legislative process, the function of the legislator.
28 The mutability or variability of positive law, the maintenance or change of laws.
29 The relation of positive law to custom.
30 The application of positive law to cases, the casuistry of the judicial process, the con-duct of a trial, the administration of justice.
31 The defect of positive law, its need for correction or dispensation by equity.
32 Law and the individual.
33 Obedience to the authority and force of law, the sanctions of conscience and fear, the objective and subjective sanctions of law, law, duty, and right.
34 The exemption of the sovereign person from the coercive force of law.
35 The force of tyrannical, unjust, or bad laws, the right of rebellion or disobedience.
36 The educative function of law in relation to virtue and vice, the efficacy of law as.
37 limited by virtue in the individual citizen.
38 The breach of law, crime and punishment.
39 The nature and causes of crime.
40 The prevention of crime.
41 The punishment of crime.
42 Law and the state.
43 The distinction between government by men and government by laws, the nature of constitutional or political law.
44 The supremacy of law as the principle of political freedom.
45 The priority of natural to civil law, the inviolability or inalienability of natural rights.
46 Tyranny and treason or sedition as illegal acts, the use of force without authority.
47 The need for administrative discretion in matters undetermined by law, the royal.
48 prerogative.
49 The juridical conception of the person, the legal personality of the state and other corporations.
50 Historical observations on the development of law and on the diversity of legal systems or institutions.
51 The legal profession and the study of law, praise and dispraise of lawyers and judges.


All text from the Outlines is Copyright ©1990 Encyclopedia Britannica Inc.; this electronic edition is Copyright© 2005 by Michael R. Lissack and reproduced by permission.